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- Question 1 of 20
1. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All shoes are pens.
Some pens are razors.
Some razors are desks.Conclusions:
I. Some desks are shoes.
II. Some razors are shoes.Hint
All shoes are pens. (A-type)
Some pens are razors. (I-type)
A + I ⇒ No Conclusion - Question 2 of 20
2. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some benches are windows.
Some windows are walls.
Some walls are trains.Conclusions:
I. Some trains are benches.
II. No train is a bench.Hint
All three Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
No Conclusion follows from Particular Premises.
Conclusion I and II from Complementary Pair.
Therefore, either I or II follows. - Question 3 of 20
3. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All brushes are chocolates.
All chocolates are mirrors.
All mirrors are tables.Conclusions:
I. Some tables are brushes
II. Some mirrors are chocolates.Hint
All brushes are chocolates. (A-type)
All chocolates are mirrors. (A-type)
A + A ⇒ A-type Conclusion
“All brushes are mirrors”
All brushes are mirrors. (A-type)
All mirrors are tables. (A-type)
“All brushes are tables”
Conclusion I is converse of this Conclusion.
Conclusion II is converse of the second Premise. - Question 4 of 20
4. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some pencils are knives.
All knives are papers.
Some papers are books.Conclusions:
I. Some books are pencils.
II. Some papers are pencils.Hint
Some pencils are knives. (I-type)
All knives are papers. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion
“Some pencils are papers”
Conclusion II is converse of this Conclusion. - Question 5 of 20
5. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some roofs are figures.
All figures are lions.
All lions are goats.Conclusions:
I. Some goats are roofs.
II. All goats are figuresHint
Some roofs are figure. (I-type)
All figures are lions. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion
“Some roofs are lions.”
Some roofs are lion. (I-type)
All lions are goats. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-(A-type) Conclusion
“Some roofs are goats”
Conclusion I is converse of this Conclusion. - Question 6 of 20
6. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some pens are books.
All books are pencils.
All pencils are jars.Conclusions:
I. All books are jars.
II. Some pens are pencils.Hint
Some pens are books (I-Type)
All books are pencils. (A-Type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion.
“Some pens are pencils.”
This is Conclusion II.
All books are pencils. (A-Type)
All pencils are jars. (A-Type)
A + A ⇒ A-type Conclusion.
“All books are jars.”
This is Conclusion I. - Question 7 of 20
7. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some bowls are spoons.
Some spoons are forks.
All forks are plates.Conclusions:
I. Some bowls are forks.
II. Some spoons are plates.Hint
Some spoons are forks. (I-Type)
All forks are plates. (A-Type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion.
“Some spoons are plates.”
This is Conclusion II. - Question 8 of 20
8. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some bottles are jars.
All jars are buckets.
All buckets are tanksConclusions:
I. All jars are tanks.
II. Some buckets are tanks.Hint
All jars are buckets. (A-Type)
All buckets are tanks. (A-Type)
A + A ⇒ A-type Conclusion.
“All jars are tanks.”
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is the implication of third statement. - Question 9 of 20
9. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All papers are files.
Some flies are folders.
All folders are bags.Conclusions:
I. Some files are bags.
II. Some papers are folders.Hint
Some flies are folders. (I-Type)
All folders are bags. (A-Type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion.
“Some files are bags.”
This is Conclusion I. - Question 10 of 20
10. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All petals are trees.
All trees are gardens.
All roads are gardens.Conclusions:
I. Some roads are trees.
II. Some gardens are trees.
III. Some gardens are petals.Hint
All petals are trees.(A-type)
All trees are gardens. (A-type)
A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion
“All petals are gardens.”
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
Conclusion II is Converse of the second premise. - Question 11 of 20
11. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All keys are locks.
No lock is a toy.
All bags are toys.Conclusions:
I. No bag is a key.
II. Some bags are keys.
III. Some toys are keys.Hint
All keys are locks. (A-type)
No lock is a toy. (E-type)
A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion
“No key is a toy.”
All bags are toys. (A-type)
No toy is a lock. (E-type)
A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion
“No bag is a lock.”
All bags are toys. (A-type)
No toy is key. (E-type)
A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion
“No bag is key.” This is Conclusion I. - Question 12 of 20
12. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some days are nights.
Some nights are months.
Some months are years.Conclusions:
I. Some years are nights.
II. Some months are days.
III. No year is night.Hint
All three Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
No conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.
Conclusions I and III from complementary pair. Therefore, either I or III follows. - Question 13 of 20
13. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All cycles are tyres.
Some tyres are wheels.
All wheels are buses.Conclusions:
I. Some buses are tyres.
II. Some wheels are tyres.
III. Some buses are cycles.Hint
Some tyres are wheels. (I-type)
All wheels are buses. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some tyres are buses.”
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
Conclusion II is Converse of the second premise. - Question 14 of 20
14. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some dogs are cats.
Some cats are horses.
All horses are tigers.Conclusions:
I. Some tigers are cats.
II. Some horses are dogs.
III. Some tigers are dogs.Hint
Some cats are horses. (I-type)
All horses are tigers. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some cats are tigers.”
Conclusion I is Converse of it. - Question 15 of 20
15. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All ropes are sticks.
Some sticks are hammers.
Some hammers are lakes.Conclusions:
I. Some lakes are ropes.
II. Some hammers are ropes.
III. Some lakes are sticks.Hint
All ropes are sticks. (A-type)
Some sticks are hammers. (I-type)
A + I ⇒ No Conclusion - Question 16 of 20
16. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some stones are bricks.
All plants are stones.
No flower is a plant.Conclusions:
I. No flower is a stone.
II. Some bricks are plants.
III. No bricks are plants.Hint
Some stones are bricks. (I-type)
Some bricks are stone. (Conversion)
All plants are stones.
Some plants are stones. (Implication)
Some stones are plants. (Conversion)
No flower is a plant.
Some flowers are not plant. (Implication)
No plant is a flower. (Conversion)
No flower is a plant.
All plants are stones.
Some stones are not flower. (E+A=O*type)
Since, II and III form a complementary I-E pair, either of two must follow. - Question 17 of 20
17. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All tigers are jungles.
No jungle is a bird.
Some birds are rains.Conclusions:
I. No rain is a jungle.
II. Some rains are jungles.
III. No bird is a tiger.Hint
All tigers are jungles.
Some tigers are jungles. (Implication)
Some jungles are tigers. (Conversion)
No jungle is a bird.
Some jungles are not birds. (Implication) (I-type)
No bird is a jungle. (Conversion)
Some birds are rains.
Some rains are birds. (Conversion)
All tigers are jungles.
No jungle is a bird.
No tiger is a bird. (A+E=E-type)
No bird is a tiger. (Conversion)
Hence III follows.
No jungle is a bird.
Some birds are rains.
Some rains are not jungle. (E+I=O* type)
Since I and II form a complementary E-I pair, either of two must follow. - Question 18 of 20
18. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some pots are buckets.
Some buckets are bags.
Some bags are purses.Conclusions:
I. Some purses are buckets.
II. Some bags are pots.
III. Some purses are pots.
IV. Some pots are bags.Hint
Some buckets are pots. (Conversion)
Some bags are buckets. (Conversion)
Some purses are bags. (Conversion)
No mediate inference follows.
Hence, no given Conclusions follows. - Question 19 of 20
19. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All glasses are roads.
No road is a stick.
Some sticks are pens.Conclusions:
I. Some glasses are sticks.
II. Some pens are sticks.
III. Some roads are sticks.
IV. No glass is a stick.Hint
All glasses are roads. (A-type)
No road is a stick. (E-type)
No glass is a stick. (A+E=E-type)
Some sticks are pens. (I-type)
Some pens are not glass. (E+I=O* type)
No road is a stick. (E-type)
Some sticks are pens.
Some pens are not road. (I-type)
(E + I = O* type) Hence only IV follows. - Question 20 of 20
20. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some ice are rings.
No ring is paint.
Some rings are gold.Conclusions:
I. No gold is paint.
II. No ice is gold.
III. Some rings are paints.
IV. All golds are rings.Hint
Some ice are ring. (I-type)
Some rings are ice. (Conversion)
Some rings are gold.
Some gold are rings. (Conversion) (I-type)
No ring is paint. (E-type)
Some gold are not paint. (I+E=O-type)
Some ice are ring. (I-type)
No ring is paint. (E-type)
Some ice are not paint. (I+E=O-type )
No ring is paint.
No paint is a ring. (Implication)
Hence none follows.