Directions: In each question below, there are three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the three given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two statements disregarding commonly known facts.
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- Question 1 of 20
1. Question
Statements:
- All fish are birds.
- Some hens are fish.
Conclusions:
- I. Some hens are birds.
- II. No birds are hens.
Hint
Some hens are fish. (I-Type)
All fish are birds. (A – Type)
I + A ⇒ I – type)
“Some hens are birds.”
This is Conclusion I. - Question 2 of 20
2. Question
Statements:
- Some shoes are coats.
- Some coats are buttons
Conclusions:
- I. No button is shoe.
- II. Some shoes are buttons.
Hint
Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative. No Conclusion follows from Particular Premises. Conclusions I and II form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either Conclusion I or II follows.
- Question 3 of 20
3. Question
Statements:
- All bats are boys.
- All boys are gloves.
Conclusions:
- I. Some gloves are bats.
- II. All bats are gloves.
Hint
All bats are boys. (A-Type)
All boy are gloves. (A-Type)
A + A ⇒ A type Conclusion
“All bats are gloves.”
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of this Conclusion. - Question 4 of 20
4. Question
Statements:
- Some doctors are nurses.
- All nurses are patients.
Conclusions:
- I. All doctors are patients.
- II. Some patients are doctors.
Hint
Some doctors are nurses. (I-Type)
All nurses are patients. (A-Type)
I + A ⇒ I -type Conclusion
“Some doctors are patients”
Conclusion II is Converse of this Conclusion. - Question 5 of 20
5. Question
Statements:
- All leaders are good team workers.
- All good team workers are good orators.
Conclusions:
- I. Some good team workers are leaders.
- II. All good orators are leaders.
Hint
Conclusion I is the conversion of first statement, hence I follows. But II does not follow because A + A = A i.e. All leaders are good orators but not vice versa.
- Question 6 of 20
6. Question
Statements:
- All terrorists are human.
- All humans are bad.
Conclusions:
- I. All terrorists are bad.
- II. No human can be a terrorist.
Hint
A + A = A; i.e. All terrorists are human.
- Question 7 of 20
7. Question
Statements:
- Some public are followers.
- Some followers are famous.
Conclusions:
- I. Some teachers are famous.
- II. Some followers are public.
Hint
I does not follow. But II follows because it is conversion of the first statement.
- Question 8 of 20
8. Question
Statements:
- All graduates are chairs.
- All chairs and tables.
Conclusions:
- I. All graduates are tables.
- II. All tables are graduates.
Hint
All graduates are chairs.
All chairs are tables
Conclusion :All graduates are tables. (A + A = A Type)
Hence I follows.
Conclusion :Some tables are graduates. (Conversion)
Hence II does not follows. - Question 9 of 20
9. Question
Statements:
- Every minister is a student.
- Every student is inexperienced.
Conclusions:
- I. Every minister is inexperienced.
- II. Some inexperienced are students.
Hint
Every minister is a student.
Every student is inexperienced.
Conclusion : Every minister is inexperienced. (A + A = A type)
Hence I follows.
Every student is inexperienced.
Conclusion : Some inexperienced are students. (Conversion)
Hence II follows. - Question 10 of 20
10. Question
Statements:
- Some teachers are followers.
- Some followers are famous.
Conclusions:
- I. Some teachers are famous.
- II. Some followers are teachers.
Hint
Some teachers are followers.
Conclusion : Some followers are teachers. (Conversion)
Hence, II follows.
Since both given statements are I-type, therefore, given Conclusion I does not follow. - Question 11 of 20
11. Question
Statements:
- Some dedicated souls are angels.
- All social workers are angels.
Conclusions:
- I. Some dedicated souls are social workers.
- II. Some social workers are dedicated souls.
Hint
Some dedicated souls are angles.
Conclusion : Some angels are dedicated souls. (Conversion)
Statement : All social workers are angels
Conclusion : Some social workers are angels. (Implication)
Some angels are social workers. (Conversion)
No mediate inference follows.
Hence, no given Conclusions follows. - Question 12 of 20
12. Question
Statements:
- All bulbs are tables.
- Some bulbs are pots.
Conclusions:
- I. All pots are tables.
- II. No pot is table.
- III. Some pots are tables.
Hint
Conversion of second statement + Statement (a) gives conclusion III [I + A = I).
Hence, III follows but conclusions I and II do not follow. - Question 13 of 20
13. Question
Statements:
- All rats are bells.
- All bells are cars.
Conclusions:
- I. All bells are rats.
- II. Some cars are neither bells nor rats.
- III. No car is rat.
Hint
First Statement + second Statement gives the conclusion
“All rats are cars” [A + A = A]
“Some cars are rats”.
Hence neither conclusion II nor conclusion III follows.
Conclusion I does not follow from statement I since conversion of first Statement will give the conclusion “Some bells are rats”. - Question 14 of 20
14. Question
Statements:
- All roads are trees.
- No tree is soap.
Conclusions:
- I. No soap is road.
- II. Some trees are roads.
- III. No road is soap.
Hint
Conversion of first Statement gives conclusion II.
Hence, conclusion II follows.
Again first Statement + second statement gives conclusion III [A + E = E].
Hence, conclusion III follows. Conclusion I follows from conversion of conclusion III. Hence, All follow. - Question 15 of 20
15. Question
Statements:
- Some hotels are bricks.
- All bananas are bricks.
Conclusions:
- I. Some bananas are hotels.
- II. Some bricks are hotels.
- III. No banana is hotel.
Hint
Conclusion II follows from conversion of first Statement.
Now, second statement + conversion of first Statement gives no conclusion [A + I = no conclusion].
Hence, conclusions I and III do not follow. But conclusion I and conclusion III make an IE-type complementary pair.
Hence either conclusion I or conclusion III follows. - Question 16 of 20
16. Question
Statements:
- Some books are lamps.
- Some lamps are rods.
Conclusions:
- I. Some books are rods.
- II. No rod is either book or lamp.
- III. All rods are lamps
Hint
First Statement + second statement gives no conclusion [I + I = on conclusion].
Therefore, conclusion I does not follow. Again conversion of statement (b) gives the conclusion “Some rods are lamps”.
Hence, conclusions II and III do not follow. - Question 17 of 20
17. Question
Statements:
- All tables are boxes.
- Some boxes are windows.
Conclusions:
- I. Some tables are windows.
- II. All boxes are tables.
- III. No window is table.
Hint
First Statement + second statement gives no conclusion. [A + I = No conclusion].
Hence, conclusion I and conclusion III do not follow independently. But, conclusion I and conclusion III make a complementary pair (IE type).
Hence, either I or III follows. Conclusion II does not follow because “All tables are boxes” gives only the following conclusions:
1. Some tables are boxes.
2. Some boxes are tables. - Question 18 of 20
18. Question
Statements:
- No room is tiger.
- All tigers are goats
Conclusions:
- I. Some goats are rooms.
- II. All goats are rooms.
- III. Some goats are tigers.
Hint
First statement + second statement gives the conclusion “Some goats are not rooms” [E + A = 0*].
Thus, conclusions I and II do not follow.
Conclusion III follows from second statement. - Question 19 of 20
19. Question
Statements:
- Some cars are roads.
- Some roads are buses.
Conclusions:
- I. Some roads are cars.
- II. Some buses are cars.
- III. Some buses are roads.
Hint
First statement + second statement gives no conclusion
[I + I = No conclusion].
Hence, conclusion II does not follow. Conclusion I follows from conversion of first Statement.
On a similar basis, conclusion III also follows. - Question 20 of 20
20. Question
Statements:
- Some men are lions.
- All foxes are lions.
Conclusions:
- I. Some foxes are men.
- II. Some lions are men.
- III. All lions are foxes.
Hint
Conversion of first Statement gives the conclusion “Some lions are men”.
Hence, conclusion II follows [say statement].
Now, second statement + conclusion II gives no conclusion
[A + I = No conclusion].
Therefore, conclusion I does not follow. Conclusion III does not follow because an A-type statement gives I-type conclusions.
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