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- Question 1 of 15
1. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All chilies are garlics.
Some garlics are onions.
All onions are potatoes.
No potato is ginger.Conclusions:
I. No onion is ginger.
II. Some garlics are potatoes.
III. Some chillies are potatoes.Hint
First and third Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type)
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type)
Fourth Premise is Universal Negative (E-type)
Some garlics are onions (I-type)
All onions are potatoes (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion.
“Some garlics are potatoes.”
All onions are potatoes (A-type)
No potato is ginger. (E-type)
A + E ⇒ E-type Conclusions. - Question 2 of 15
2. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some keys are locks.
Some locks are numbers.
All numbers are letters.
All letters are words.Conclusions:
I. Some locks are letters.
II. Some words are numbers.
III. All numbers are words.Hint
First and second Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type)
Third and fourth Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type)
Some locks are numbers (I-type).
All numbers are letters (A-type).
I + A = I-type Conclusion.
“Some locks are letter.” This is conclusion I.
Some locks are letter (I-type)
All letters are words. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ A-type Conclusion.
“Some locks are words. (I-type)
All letters are words. (A-type)
A + A ⇒ A-type Conclusion.
“All numbers are words.”
This is conclusion III.
Conclusion II is Converse of this Conclusion. - Question 3 of 15
3. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some windows are doors.
All doors are walls.
No wall is roof.
All roofs are shelters.Conclusions:
I. Some windows are walls.
II. No wall is shelter.
III. No door is shelter.Hint
Some windows are doors. (I-type)
All doors are walls. (A-type)
I + A = I-type Conclusion.
“Some windows are walls.”
This is Conclusion I.
All doors are walls. (A-type)
No wall is root. (E-type)
A + E = E-type Conclusion.
“ No door is roof.”
No wall is roof. (E-type)
All roofs are shelters. (A-type)
“Some shelters are not walls.” - Question 4 of 15
4. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All bottles are jars.
Some jars are pots.
All pots are taps.
No tap is tank.Conclusions:
I. No pot is tank.
II. Some jars are tanks.
III. Some bottles are pots.Hint
First and third Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type)
Fourth Premise is Universal Negative (E-type)
Some jars are pots. (I-type)
All pots are taps. (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type Conclusion.
“Some jars are taps.”
All pots are taps. (A-type)
No tap is a tank. (E-type)
A + E = E-type Conclusion.
“No pot is a tank.”
This is Conclusion I. - Question 5 of 15
5. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some fishes are crocodiles.
Some crocodiles are snakes.
No snake is a tortoise.
All tortoises are frogs.Conclusions:
I. No snake is a frog.
II. Some snakes are fish.
III. Some fish are frogs.Hint
First and second Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Third Premise is Universal Negative (E-type)
Fourth Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some crocodiles are snakes.
No snake is tortoise. (E-type)
I + E = E-type Conclusion.
“Some crocodiles are not tortoises.”
No snake is a tortoise. (E-type)
All tortoises are frogs. (A-type)
E + A = O*-type Conclusion.
“Some frogs are not snakes.” - Question 6 of 15
6. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some pens are tables.
All tables are umbrellas.
Some umbrellas are sticks.
All sticks are caps.Conclusions:
I. Some caps are umbrellas.
II. Some umbrellas are pens.
III. Some sticks are pens.Hint
Some pens are tables.
All tables are umbrellas.
I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion.
“Some pens are umbrellas”.
Conclusion II is Converse of it.
Some umbrellas are sticks.
All sticks are caps.
I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion.
“Some umbrellas are caps”.
Conclusion I is Converse of it. - Question 7 of 15
7. Question
Statements:
All cheques are notes.
All notes are tyres
All tyres are books.
All books are rods.Conclusions:
I. Some rods are notes.
II. Some books are tyres.
III. Some tyres are chequesHint
All cheques are notes.
All notes are tyres.
A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion.
“All cheques are tyres”.
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
All notes are tyres.
All tyres are books.
A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion.
“All notes are books”.
All tyres are books.
All books are rods.
A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion.
“All tyres are rods”.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
All notes are books.
All books are rods.
A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion.
“All notes are rods”.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
All cheques are tyres.
All tyres are books.
A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion.
“All cheques are books”.
Conclusion II is Converse of the third Premise. - Question 8 of 15
8. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some lanes are poles.
All poles are skies.
Some skies are boxes.
No box is a bottle.Conclusions:
I. Some bottles are lanes.
II. Some boxes are poles.
III. No bottle is a lane.Hint
Some lanes are poles.
All poles are skies.
I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion.
“Some lanes are skies”.
Some skies are boxes.
No box is bottle.
I + E ⇒ O – type of Conclusion.
“Some skies are not bottles”.
Conclusions I and III form complementary Pair.
Therefore, either I or III follow. - Question 9 of 15
9. Question
Statements:
All roads are buses.
Some buses are cars.
Some cars are days.
All days are nights.Conclusions:
I. Some nights are buses.
II. Some nights are cars.
III. Some days are buses.Hint
Some cars are days.
All days are nights.
I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion.
“Some cars are nights”.
Conclusion II is Converse of it. - Question 10 of 15
10. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some seeds are flowers.
All flowers are trees.
All trees are leaves.
Some leaves are branches.Conclusions:
I. Some branches are flowers.
II. Some leaves are seeds.
III. Some leaves are flowers.Hint
Some seeds are flowers.
All flowers are trees.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some seeds are trees”.
All flowers are trees.
All trees are leaves.
A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion
“All flowers are leaves”.
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
Some seeds are tree.
All trees are leaves.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some seeds are leaves”.
Conclusion II is Converse of it. - Question 11 of 15
11. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some plates are spoons.
All spoons are forks.
All forks are bowls.
Some bowls are utensils.Conclusions:
I. Some plates are bowls.
II. All spoons are bowls.
III. Some forks are utensils.Hint
Some plates are spoons.
All spoons are forks.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some plates are forks.”
Some plates are forks.
All forks are bowls.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some plates are bowls.”
This is Conclusion I.
All spoons are forks.
All forks are bowls.
A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion
“All spoons are bowls.”
This is Conclusion II. - Question 12 of 15
12. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some books are files.
All files are discs.
Some discs are boards.
All boards are keys.Conclusions:
I. Some books are keys.
II. No book is key.
III. Some discs are keys.Hint
Some books are files.
All files are discs.
I + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion
“Some books are discs.”
Some discs are boards.
All boards are keys.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some discs are keys.”
This is Conclusion III.
Conclusions I and II from Complementary Pair. Therefore, either I or II follows. - Question 13 of 15
13. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All buses are trains.
Some trains are cars.
No car is a scooter.
All scooters are jeeps.Conclusions:
I. Some cars are buses.
II. All jeeps are scooters.
III. No jeep is a train.Hint
Some trains are cars.
No car is a scooter.
I + E ⇒ O-type of Conclusion
“Some trains are not scooters.”
No car is a scooter.
All scooters are jeeps.
E + A ⇒ O-type of Conclusion
“Some jeeps are not cars.” - Question 14 of 15
14. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
All curtains are pillows.
No pillow is a mattress.
Some mattresses are beds.
All beds are sofas.Conclusions:
I. No bed is a pillow.
II. Some mattresses are sofas.
III. Some beds are pillows.Hint
All curtains are pillows.
No pillow is mattress.
A + E ⇒ E – type of Conclusion
“No curtain is mattress.”
Some mattresses are beds.
All beds are sofas.
I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion
“Some mattresses are sofas.”
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusions I and III form Complement Pair. Therefore, either I or III follows. - Question 15 of 15
15. Question
Which of the conclusions logically follows from the given statements?
Statements:
Some pulses are grains.
Some grains are sprouts.
All sprouts are nuts.
No fruit is nut.Conclusions:
I. Some nuts are pulses.
II. Some nuts are grains.
III. No fruits is sprout.Hint
Some grains are sprouts.
All sprouts are nuts.
I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion
“Some grains are nuts.”
Conclusion II is Converse of the Conclusion.
All sprouts are nuts.
No nut is fruits.
A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion
“No sprout is fruit.”
Conclusion III is Converse of this Conclusion.