Modern History Quiz 4

The Communal Award, announced by Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932, ensured the retention of separate electorates for Muslims, Sikhs and Europeans.

The Commission was strongly opposed by many Indians. It was opposed by Nehru, Gandhi, Jinnah, the Muslim League and Indian National Congress because it contained seven members of the British Parliament but no Indians. Indians saw it as a violation to their right of self-determination and insult to their self-respect.

The Panchsheel, or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was first officially signed on April 29 1954 between India and the Tibet region of China. The agreement was signed between Jawaharlal Nehru, then Prime Minister, and the first Chinese Prime Minister, Chou En-Lai. The Five Principles are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.

The Ghadar Party, initially the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, was formed in 1913 in San Francisco, California (United States) under the leadership of Har Dayal, with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president.

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar.

The 19th Century reawakening in India was confined to the upper-middle class.

The Salt March (Dandi March) was an act of nonviolent Civil Disobedience Movement in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi. The twenty-four-day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 5 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.

JP Narayan convened a meeting in Patna on 17 May 1934, which founded the Bihar Congress Socialist Party. He was a Gandhian Socialist. Narayan became general secretary of the party and Acharya Narendra Deva became president.

Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, was the Maharani consort of the Maratha princely state of Jhansi from 1843 to 1853 as the wife of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj for Indian nationalists.

The Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress was formed on 3rd May 1939 by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmaneuvered by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.