Chemistry Quiz 3

Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is the chemical name of vinegar. A dilute solution of acetic acid produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar; a salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid is called acetate.

Cadmium is not a radioactive element. Uranium, Thorium and Radium are radioactive elements.

Cotton take more time to ignite but burns easily and quickly. Nylon, polyester and acrylic tend to be slow to ignite but once ignited, severe melting and dripping occurs. Rayon ignites easily but burns slower than cotton. Nylon is less flammable as well, but melts and can adhere to the skin.

Fission reaction produces the most harmful radiation. In nuclear fission reaction, the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.

Common alum (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) is added to water in order to destabilize the mud particles suspended in it. This process is known as coagulation. Alum helps in purifying water by aluminium which helps to coagulate the mud particles. Due to the high charge on aluminium ion (Al⁺³), it helps the small particles of suspended solids to group together until they are of such large size that they sink and can be removed.

Zinc is used to galvanise iron. Galvanizing is a process of coating iron or steel with zinc in order to provide greater protection against corrosion for the iron or steel base.

The density of a gas is directly proportional to pressure and indirectly proportional to temperature. Thus, the density of a gas is maximum at low temperature and high pressure.

Alizarin (C₁₄H₈O₄) is a natural dye. It is a red dye originally obtained from the root of the common madder plant, Rubia tinctorum, in which it occurs combined with the sugars xylose and glucose. In 1869, it became the first natural dye to be produced synthetically.

The long-range potential of nuclear energy in India depends on its reserves of uranium. As of November 2020, 22 reactors – 7382 MWe (gross) – of nuclear capacity were fuelled by indigenous uranium and being operated close to their rated capacity.

Radioactive disintegration of uranium ultimately results in formation of lead. The half-life of uranium-238 is 4.5 billion years. It decays into radium-226, which in turn decays into radon-222. Radon-222 becomes polonium-210, which finally decays into a stable nuclide, lead.