Chemistry Quiz 2

Magnesium is present in seawater in amounts of about 1300 ppm. The six most abundant ions of seawater are chloride (Cl⁻), sodium (Na⁺), sulphate (SO²₄⁻), magnesium (Mg²⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and potassium (K⁺). By weight, these ions make up about 99 percent of all sea salts.

Rocket engines and boosters carry both fuel and an oxidizer. For solid fuel, the components are aluminium and ammonium perchlorate. For liquid fuel, the components are liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. When combined, the fuels release water, which allows the rocket to leave the ground.

A catalytic converter is a device used in motor vehicles to reduce the damage caused to the environment by poisonous gases. Catalytic converters are generally made from transition metals. Transition metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) are used in the catalytic converters.

Nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. The atom consists of a tiny nucleus surrounded by moving electrons. The nucleus contains protons, which have a positive charge equal in magnitude to the electron's negative charge. The nucleus may also contain neutrons, which have virtually the same mass but no charge.

An element which does not react with oxygen is Helium. The noble metals or inert gas do not react with oxygen. Helium (He), argon (Ar), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn), etc. are common inert gases.

Pyrex is low-thermal-expansion borosilicate glass. It is a type of glass that is resistant to heat, chemicals, and electricity. Borax is used for the extra strength of pyrex glass.

A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron. Blast furnace slag is a nonmetallic coproduct produced in the process. It consists primarily of silicates, aluminosilicates, and calcium-alumina-silicates.

Sulphur is added to make natural rubber more strong and more bouncy. Vulcanization is a process of improvement of the rubber elasticity and strength by heating it in the presence of sulphur, which results in three-dimensional cross-linking of the chain rubber molecules (polyisoprene) bonded to each other by sulphur atoms.

When a helium atom loses an electron it becomes a positive helium ion. When an atom gains/loses an electron, the atom becomes charged, and is called an ion. If a neutral atom gains an electron, it becomes negative. This kind of ion is called an anion. If a neutral atom loses an electron, it becomes positive. This kind of ion is called a cation.

Rectified spirit is highly concentrated ethanol that has been purified by means of repeated distillation in a process called rectification. It contains 95% ethanol and 5% water.