Physical Geography Quiz 2

The Richter scale is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by American seismologists Charles Francis Richter.

Pure magnetite contains 72.4 percent iron, hematite 69.9 percent, limonite 59.8 percent, and siderite 48.2 percent, but, since these minerals never occur alone, the metal content of real ores is lower.

The Campos, grassland with few trees or shrubs except near streams, lies between 24°S and 35°S; it includes parts of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, and all of Uruguay.

The chromosphere is the second of the three main layers in the Sun's atmosphere and is roughly 3,000 to 5,000 km deep. Its rosy red colour is only apparent during Solar eclipses.

The deepest known depression on the earth is the Mariana Trench, which lies east of the Mariana Islands in the western North Pacific Ocean. It reaches 11,034 metres at its deepest point.

Volatile Matter (VM) is the percentage loss in mass, adjusted for moisture, when coal is heated out of contact with air under standard conditions. Anthracite has the lowest proportion of volatile matter.

An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates (Earth's outermost layer) are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.

The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region. It is defined as steady and persistent winds which blow on the Equatorial side of the subtropical high-pressure systems in both Hemispheres.

Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites. Earth has one natural satellite (Moon) and Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Phobos and Deimos).

From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610.