Indian Constitution Quiz 4

The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12-35). Fundamental Rights are not given to Political sufferers. Political sufferers are those people who are victims of political manipulations, political games, political strategies, etc. Fundamental rights are available to both citizens and foreigners except enemy aliens.

Only one of the following can be the ex-officio Chairman of the Niti Aayog.

Article 66 of the Indian Constitution states the manner of election of the Vice President. The Vice President is elected indirectly, by an electoral college consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of both houses of the Parliament.

The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and is its principal barrister in the Supreme Court of India (Article 76). S/he has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament or their joint sitting and any committee of the Parliament of which s/he may be named a member but without a right to vote.

Under Article 352, the president can declare a national emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion. The proclamation of emergency must be approved by both the houses of parliament within one month from the date of its issue. If approved by both the houses, the Emergency continues for 6 months and can be extended to an indefinite period with an approval of the Parliament for every six months.

Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused including the right to equality before the law; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defence, and the right to vote. Right to contest an election is a statutory right and not a fundamental or political right.

The Supreme Court of India ruled against any sort of hooliganism in the name of 'bandh' in 1998. In 1997, Kerala high court was the first court which banned bandhs and declared it unconstitutional. The court said that it is not an exercise of fundamental freedom.

Between 1952 and 2020, two seats were reserved in the Lok Sabha for members of the Anglo-Indian community (Article 334). These two members were nominated by the President of India. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when enacted as the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act 2019.

The Indian Foreign Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service and Indian Revenue Service are central civil services. There are three All India Services in India at present viz. Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS) and Indian Forest Service (IFS). These officers are appointed by the Government of India, but they work under the State Government. Each AIS officer is allotted a cadre (State), where they work for life.

In Golaknath vs the State of Punjab 1967 case, the Supreme Court had restored the primacy of the Fundamental Rights over the Directive Principles of State Policy. In this case, the Court ruled that Parliament could not curtail any of the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution.