Biology Quiz 8

Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid). It is caused by not having enough vitamin C in the diet for at least three months. Vitamin C is mainly found in fruit and vegetables.

Leaves are green due to the presence of a green-coloured pigment, called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is important because it helps plants make energy from sunlight—a process called photosynthesis.

Saccharin is not a plant product. It is a non-nutritive or artificial sweetener. It's made in a labouratory by oxidizing the chemicals o-toluene sulfonamide or phthalic anhydride. It looks like white, crystalline powder.

The substrate of photo-respiration is glycolate. Photorespiration is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism of phospho-glycolate that is produced during oxygenation catalyzed by the enzyme RubisCO and inhibits photosynthesis by interfering with CO₂ fixation by RubisCO.

Blood pressure is controlled by Adrenal gland. Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions. Adrenal glands are composed of two parts — the cortex and the medulla — which are each responsible for producing different hormones.

Iodoform (triiodomethane) is a yellow, crystalline solid belonging to the family of organic halogen compounds. It is used as an antiseptic component of medications for minor skin diseases.

Atherosclerosis is a narrowing or blockage of artery walls usually caused by the buildup of fatty material called plaque. Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries. Hypertension, also known as low blood pressure, increases the risk of a heart attack. Hypotension (or low blood pressure) is a blood pressure under 90/60 mm/Hg.

Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. Insulin is not a digestive enzyme but a hormone made in the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach. It allows the body to use glucose for energy.

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination is to be given to a newborn child within six months. This vaccination provides consistent protection against tuberculosis (TB) disease. It is recommended for all babies soon after birth up to 1 year old (for some specific areas).

Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani. Spores of tetanus bacteria are everywhere in the environment, including soil, dust, and manure. The spores develop into bacteria when they enter the body.