Biology Quiz 8

Thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones, which help control growth, repair damaged cells and support a healthy metabolism.

Normally, each cell in the human body has 23 pairs (46) of chromosomes (Half come from the mother and the other half come from the father). Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.

Soybean and groundnut are the two richest known sources of edible protein. The protein content of soybeans is 36–56% and groundnut is 22-30% of the dry weight. Soybean protein is known as a complete protein as it provides all of the essential amino acids for human nutrition.

Ethology is a branch of zoology dealing with the scientific study of animal behaviour.

Ano-Genital Warts (AGW) is usually a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which is caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). HIV infection and AIDS is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with HIV, a retrovirus. AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade.

Barr body is the inactive X-chromosome in the somatic cells of mammalian females. Human females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y. In all of the female somatic cells, which don't take part in sexual reproduction, one of the X chromosomes is active, and the other is inactivated in a process called lyonization, becoming the Barr body.

A typical heart has four chambers (two upper and two lower). The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves are gates at the chamber openings.

Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose. They differ in the type of glucose present and the bonds which link the glucose monomers together.

Due to Vitamin D deficiency, the limb bones of children become bent. Vitamin D deficiency can cause children to get rickets. Rickets is a disease that causes thin, weak and deformed bones. In adults, not having enough vitamin D and calcium causes osteoporosis (loss of bone density) and can lead to fractures.