Biology Quiz 7

Sleeping sickness is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma Brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species).

Adrenaline is a neurotransmitter in the sense that, within the brain, it helps neurons to communicate with one another.

Outside the nucleus, DNA is found in Mitochondria. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nucleus DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA).

Enzymes play a key role in process of digestion. The human body makes enzymes in the digestive system, including the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Digestive enzymes help the body break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from food. This is necessary to allow for the absorption of nutrients and to maintain optimal health.

There are 23 chromosomes in a human ovum and 23 chromosomes in human sperm. Healthy humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in which 22 pairs are autosomes and 2 are sex chromosomes. The ovum (female gamete) is formed by the meiosis due to which they have only the half number of chromosomes, which means 22 autosomes (11 pairs) and 1 sex chromosome.

Heparin is the anti-coagulant substance in the blood. Heparin injection is used to decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent harmful clots from forming in blood vessels. This medicine is sometimes called a blood thinner, although it does not actually thin the blood.

Xenobiotics which are inherently resistant to microbial attack are called as Recalcitrant.

Haliotis belongs to Mollusca. Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda. It is sluggish invertebrates, with a thin fleshy envelope or mantle covering the visceral organs. Molluscs include mussels, scallops, oysters, periwinkles, whelks, squid, clams, snails, haliotis and octopus.

When the radius of blood vessels decreases, their capacity to hold blood is reduced, allowing more blood to return to the heart from which it is pumped into the arteries. As a result, blood pressure increases.

An antibiotic is a chemical synthesized by a micro-organism against another micro-organism. It is a medicine which is used for destroying bacteria and curing infections. The term antibiotic, coined in 1942, describes any substance produced by a microorganism, and subsequently by chemical synthesis, that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms.