Indian Constitution Online Mock Test

The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in the explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues. LEGISLATIVE is the First Estate (the body which makes laws), EXECUTIVE is the Second Estate (executes and enforces laws) and the Third Estate is JUDICIARY (works to protect laws) of democracy.

The main function of the Judiciary is to adjudicate and interpret Acts of Parliament and the common law. Additionally, the Judiciary has the power to issue out orders or directives as may be necessary to ensure law, peace and order is maintained. The Judiciary is also responsible for upholding the rule of law and the administration of estates.

The Supreme Court of India, in several judgments, that have clearly established the relation between the right to housing and the right to life, as guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution of India.

Article 17 of the Indian constitution mainly deals with the account of untouchability. This article states that “Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden.

The Constitution of India does not mention either a Confidence or a No-Confidence Motion. Although, Article 75 does specify that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. A motion of “No Confidence Motion” against the Government can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. No-Confidence Motion can be admitted when a minimum of 50 members, support the motion in the house.

Article 37 says that Directive Principles are not enforceable but are fundamental to the Governance of the Country, and the State has the duty in applying the Directive Principles of State Policies (DPSPs). If they are not acted upon by the State, no one can move the Courts.

The entire process of removal is impeachment. There is no provision in the Constitution for the impeachment of the Governor, unlike with the President, Vice-President, Judges of High courts and the supreme court of India and Chief election commissioner.

Article 76 of the constitution mentions that the Attorney General of India is the highest law officer of India. He/She has the right of audience in all Courts in India as well as the right to participate in the proceedings of the Parliament, though not to vote.

Article 110 deals with money bills. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha has the final authority to determine whether a bill is a money bill or not. Recommendation of the President is mandatory before presenting the money bills in Parliament. Money Bills cannot be amended or rejected by the Rajya Sabha.

The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President of India (Article 108) and is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or, in their absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, or in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The joint session of the two Houses of Parliament is convened when a bill or taxes passed by one House are rejected by the other House or more than six months have elapsed from the date of receipt of the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by it.