Biology Quiz 4

The huge muscles that power the wings attach to a flat part of the breastbone called the keel. Some flightless birds, including ostriches, do not have a keel.

Normal fasting blood glucose levels range from 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L). Higher ranges could indicate pre-diabetes or diabetes.

The substrate of photo-respiration is glycolate. Photorespiration is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism of phospho-glycolate that is produced during oxygenation catalyzed by the enzyme RubisCO and inhibits photosynthesis by interfering with CO₂ fixation by RubisCO.

In Bacteria generally hormone is not found but it can produce hormones that can affect host metabolism, immunity and behavior.

Pasteurization of milk requires temperatures of about 63°C (145°F) maintained for 30 minutes or, alternatively, heating to a higher temperature, 72°C (162 °F), and holding for 15 seconds (and yet higher temperatures for shorter periods of time). The times and temperatures are determined to be necessary to destroy disease-causing microorganisms found in milk.

Myopia, also known as shortsightedness or nearsightedness, is a very common vision disorder. It is the inability to see distant objects clearly unless they are relatively close to your eyes. This causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.

The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon is a member of the bird family Columba-livia (doves and pigeons).

The immunity caused by the B-lymphocytes is called Humoral Immunity. Humoral immunity is the process of adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B-lymphocytes. It develops in bone marrow.

Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) are used to prevent pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone are two female sex hormones. Combinations of estrogen and progesterone work by preventing ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries).

Chocolates can be bad for health because of a high content of nickel. Nickel is the most abundant toxic metal and its presence creates a serious risk to children's health.